How to Install Linux on Laptop

Installing Linux on a laptop can be a straightforward process, but it requires some preparation and knowledge about the system's hardware and software configuration. One of the biggest challenges is dealing with Secure Boot, which checks that the system's boot loader is signed by an approved key before booting from it.

Fortunately, many Linux distributions are compatible with Secure Boot, including popular options like Ubuntu and Mint. These distros have had their boot loaders signed by Microsoft, so they'll boot without any issues. However, not all Linux distributions are as lucky, and you may need to disable Secure Boot if your preferred distro isn't compatible.

Before installing Linux on a laptop, it's essential to ensure that the system is configured correctly. This includes adding necessary firmware for devices like WiFi cards and graphics controllers. For example, my Dell Inspiron 15R N5110 requires firmware for its Broadcom WiFi card and ATI Radeon HD 5400 graphics controller. You can add these firmwares using the following commands: `apt install firmware-brcm80211 firmware-amd-graphics`.

Once you've added the necessary firmwares, you can plug in an Ethernet cable to the Ethernet port (which should work out of the box) and install the packages. On Debian-based systems like Debian 10 Buster, you'll also need to add non-free repositories to `/etc/apt/sources.list` after installing the OS.

As a proof of concept, I'm writing this article on my trusty Dell Inspiron 15R N5110 running Debian 10 Buster amd64. Everything works fine, including 3D graphics support, WiFi, and basic functions like brightness control, sound, and WiFi switching. With the right preparation and knowledge, installing Linux on a laptop is a breeze.

How to install linux on laptop